Warming climate could speed forest regrowth in eastern US

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J Warming climate could speed the natural regrowth of forests on undeveloped or abandoned land in the eastern United States, according to a new study. Previous research has shown that the succession from field to forest can happen decades sooner in the southeastern US than in the Northeast. But it wasn't obvious why. A new study points to temperature as the major factor influencing the pace of reforestation.

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Researchers use search engines, social media to predict syphilis trends

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J New research finds that internet search terms and tweets related to sexual risk behaviors can predict when and where syphilis trends will occur.

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Post-surgical opioids can, paradoxically, lead to chronic pain

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J Giving opioids to animals to quell pain after surgery prolongs pain for three weeks and primes specialized immune cells in the spinal cord to be more reactive to pain, according to a new study. The authors say the paradoxical findings could add a new wrinkle to the conversation about the national opioid epidemic.

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People with Type 2 diabetes who eat breakfast later, more likely to have a higher BMI

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J Being an "evening person" is linked to higher body mass indices among people with Type 2 diabetes, and having breakfast later in the day seems to be what drives this association, according to a new article.

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A new Bose-Einstein condensate

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J Researchers have created a Bose-Einstein condensate of light coupled with metal electrons, so-called surface plasmon polaritons.

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Is whole-brain radiation still best for brain metastases from small-cell lung cancer?

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J A new study compares outcomes of 5,752 small-cell lung cancer patients who received whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) with those of 200 patients who received stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), finding that the median overall survival was actually longer with SRS (10.8 months with SRS versus 7.1 months with WBRT).

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'Marriage diversity' a must-have for rock bands to businesses

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J The rock n' roll lore says that once a bandmate gets married, the party's over for the group. But recent research says that the blended mix of married and unmarried bandmates improves creativity, innovation and collaborative thinking (and, that the same goes for working professionals).

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Effects of climate change on communally managed water systems softened by shared effort

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J Shared fates and experiences in a community can help it withstand changes to water availability due to climate change, a recent study has found. The work paired a dynamic systems model of an acequia community and its water system with a hydrology model of an upland water source to study how the community responds to changes in water availability and flow.

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Warming planet led to peatland formation

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J Rising temperatures were a key driver of peatland formation after the last glacial maximum, according to new research.

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Ear infections can lead to meningitis, brain abscess and other neurological complications

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J While antibiotics have greatly reduced the dangers of ear infections, serious neurological complications, including hearing loss, facial paralysis, meningitis and brain abscess still occur.

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Quantum shift shows itself in coupled light and matter

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J Researchers observe and measure a Bloch-Siegert shift in strongly coupled light and matter in a vacuum. The project could aid in the development of quantum computers.

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Potential cost savings for early detection and treatment of type 2 diabetes

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J A large study showed that for individuals diagnosed with diabetes, screening is associated with a reduction in healthcare costs due to fewer admissions and doctor's visits and a reduction in prescribed medication.

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Logging in tropical forests jeopardizing drinking water

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J Researchers have found that increasing land clearing for logging in Solomon Islands -- even with best management strategies in place -- will lead to unsustainable levels of soil erosion and significant impacts to downstream water quality.

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Face recognition technology that works in the dark

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J Researchers have developed an artificial intelligence and machine learning technique that produces a visible face image from a thermal image of a person's face captured in low-light or nighttime conditions. This development could lead to enhanced real-time biometrics and post-mission forensic analysis for covert nighttime operations.

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When nuclei catch up with electrons

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J In an attosecond study of the H2 molecule physicists found that for light atomic nuclei -- as contained in most organic and biological molecules -- the correlation between electronic and nuclear motions cannot be ignored.

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Three-fold higher risk of cancer after acute thrombosis in the leg

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J The risk of developing cancer is more than three times higher during the first six months following blood clot in the leg, compared with the background population.

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Two robots are better than one: 5G antenna measurement research

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J Researchers continue to develop new antenna measurement methods, this time for future 5G wireless communications systems.

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Job hunters drop ties with supportive colleagues

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J People considering quitting their jobs stop supporting current colleagues because they no longer feel they need to do favors for them, research shows.

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Scientists uncover connection between post-natal sensory experiences and brain development

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J New research by neuroscientists sheds light on links between brain growth and sensations experienced by animals soon after birth. The researchers have identified a form of neural feedback in zebrafish that could link development of the body with that of the brain. The findings suggest mobility restrictions or insufficient sensory stimuli impact the production of new brain cells and brain development. The likely outcome is that learning and cognition are negatively affected.

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Men willing to punish more than women to get ahead

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J Researchers have measured gender differences in cooperation and punishment behavior. Results showed that men punish more than women, men obtain higher rank, and punishment by males decreases payoffs for both sexes. Furthermore, men are willing to punish people who have done nothing wrong, except cooperate to the fullest extent possible.

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Altered immune cells clear childhood brain tumor in mice

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J In mice, a fatal brainstem tumor was cleared by injecting it with engineered T cells that recognized the cancer and targeted it for destruction. The discovery is moving to human trials.

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Once upon a time, an exoplanet was discovered

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J In recent history, a very important achievement was the discovery, in 1995, of 51 Pegasi b, the first extrasolar planet ever found around a normal star other than the Sun.

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Effective school-based cavity prevention program

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J School-based prevention programs can substantially reduce children's cavities -- but what type of treatment should be delivered in schools to best prevent tooth decay? A new study suggests that cavity prevention programs with a combination of prevention strategies may be more effective than one alone for reducing tooth decay.

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Innate immune adaptor TRIF confers neuroprotection in ALS

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease damaging motor neurons in brain and spinal cords. ALS patients show progressive muscle weakness and atrophy, leading to a fatal respiratory muscle paralysis. There are no effective therapies for ALS.

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Some superconductors can also carry currents of 'spin'

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J Researchers have shown that certain superconductors -- materials that carry electrical current with zero resistance at very low temperatures -- can also carry currents of 'spin'. The successful combination of superconductivity and spin could lead to a revolution in high-performance computing, by dramatically reducing energy consumption.

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Genetically altered broadly neutralizing antibodies protect monkeys from HIV-like virus

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J Two genetically modified broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) protected rhesus macaques from an HIV-like virus, report scientists. After introducing genetic mutations into two potent HIV bNAbs, researchers prepared intravenous infusions of two bNAbs. Single infusions of each modified bNAb protected monkeys against weekly exposures to simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) up to 37 weeks, compared with a median of three weeks in 12 monkeys receiving no antibody.

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'Mono' virus linked to 7 serious diseases

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) -- best known for causing mononucleosis -- also increases the risks for some people of developing seven other major diseases, according to a new study. The diseases are: systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, and type 1 diabetes. Combined, these diseases affect nearly 8 million people in the US.

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What's in a niche? Time to rethink microbial ecology, say researchers

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J Scientists are looking to rewrite the textbook on microbial ecology. When it comes to microbe species, they argue, niche is much more important than names. In microbial systems, hundreds of species can co-exist and perform the same biochemical functions in one setting, and switch functions in a different setting, explain scientists.

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Study identifies more than a hundred new genes that determine hair color

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J Scientists have discovered 124 genes that play a major role in determining human hair color variation.

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Grafted brain organoids provide insight into neurological disorders

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J Scientists improve the growth of three-dimensional brain models to better understand autism, dementia, schizophrenia.

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Researchers have placed an electron in a dual state -- neither freed nor bound -- thus confirming a hypothesis from the 1970s

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J Half a century ago, Walter Henneberger wondered if it was possible to free an electron from its atom, but still make it stay around the nucleus. Scientists considered it was impossible. For the first time, physicists have managed to control the shape of the laser pulse to keep an electron both free and bound to its nucleus, and were at the same time able to regulate the electronic structure of this atom.

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Antimicrobial therapy can prevent sepsis in pneumonia patients

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J Research sheds light on initial phase of infectious disease and potential for prevention of pneumococcal septicaemia.

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Enigmatic gene critical for a healthy brain

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J Scientists have identified a non-coding RNA, called Paupar, influences how healthy brains develop during early life. They have shown that Paupar orchestrates proteins that control neurodevelopment.

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New algorithm could add life to bridges

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J A new algorithm developed by the University of Surrey could help structural engineers better monitor the health of bridges and alert them to when they need repair faster.

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Scientists uncover how to stop cyber intrusions

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J Researchers have found a proverbial smoking gun signature of the long sought-after Majorana particle, and the find, they say, could block intruders on sensitive communication networks.

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Climate change mitigation project threatens local ecosystem resilience in Ethiopia

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J To increase forest cover in the Global South in order to mitigate climate change does not always have positive effects, as shown in a new study in southern Ethiopia. It can also threaten biodiversity and the survival of unique alpine plants.

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Two is better than one to improve brain function in Alzheimer's disease mouse model

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J Using two complementary approaches to reduce the deposits of amyloid-beta in the brain rather than either approach alone improved spatial navigation and memory in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

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Scientists create technology that measures tumors' drug resistance up to 10 times faster

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J Scientists have developed a new, high-speed microscopy platform that can measure a cancer cell's resistance to drugs up to 10 times faster than existing technology, potentially informing more effective treatment selection for cancer patients.

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An astrophysicist is unlocking the secrets to dark matter

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J New research examines an interesting light source that was captured by four different telescopes each pointing in a different direction in the sky.

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Feminine hygiene products and infection: Concerning connection

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J Ninety-five percent of Canadian women have used vaginal hygiene products and a new study shows that these products might be doing more harm than good.

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We think we're the first advanced earthlings -- but how do we really know?

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J Imagine if, many millions of years ago, dinosaurs drove cars through cities of mile-high buildings. A preposterous idea, right? In a compelling thought experiment, scientists wonder how we would truly know if there were a past civilization so advanced that it left little or no trace of its impact on the planet.

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Course set to overcome mismatch between lab-designed nanomaterials and nature's complexity

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J Advances in nanotechnology have made it possible to control the size, shape, composition, elasticity and chemical properties of laboratory-made nanomaterials. Yet many of these materials do not to function as expected in the body. In new research, the team homes in on biomembranes -- the gatekeeping bilipid-layers and proteins surrounding cells. They explore the barriers a synthetic nanomaterial must breach to enter a cell and achieve its intended purpose.

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Are the media all 'doom and gloom'? Not when it comes to coverage of our oceans

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J The news media are often accused by adopting a 'doom and gloom' tone, especially when it comes to coverage of the environment. However, a new study on how journalists report on the state of our oceans shows that view may be misguided.

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How does one prepare for adverse weather events? Depends on your past experiences

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J With much of the central plains and Midwest now entering peak tornado season, the impact of these potentially devastating weather events will be shaped in large part by how individuals think about and prepare for them. A new study shows that people's past experiences with tornadoes inform how they approach this type of extreme weather in the future, including their perception of the risk.

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Timing is everything: Researchers describe genetic clockwork in germ cell development

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J The nematode C. elegans is truly an organizational talent: The tiny animals live for only two to three weeks, with sexual maturity lasting only four days. They still manage to generate over 300 offspring during this period. For this ambitious development program to function optimally, a large number of processes must be synchronized within their cells. Geneticists have deciphered a central signalling pathway that encodes and controls these processes.

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Dinosaurs ended -- and originated -- with a bang!

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J It is commonly understood that the dinosaurs disappeared with a bang -- wiped out by a great meteorite impact on the Earth 66 million years ago. But their origins have been less understood. In a new study, scientists show that the key expansion of dinosaurs was also triggered by a crisis -- a mass extinction that happened 232 million years ago.

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Virtual contact lenses for radar satellites

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J Radar satellites supply the data used to map sea level and ocean currents. However, up until now the radar's 'eyes' have been blind where the oceans are covered by ice. Researchers have now developed a new analysis method to solve this problem.

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BESSY II sheds light on how the internal compass is constructed in magnetotactic bacteria

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J Bacteria exist in many shapes and with very different talents. Magnetotactic bacteria can even sense the earth's magnetic field by making use of magnetic nanoparticles in their interior that act as an internal compass. Experts have now examined the magnetic compass of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense at BESSY II. Their results may be helpful in designing actuation devices for nanorobots and nanosensors for biomedical applications.

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Moss capable of removing arsenic from drinking water discovered

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J A moss capable of removing arsenic from contaminated water has been discovered. And it happens quickly -- in just one hour, the arsenic level is so low that the water is no longer harmful for people to drink.

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Cholesterol leash: Key tethering protein found to transport cellular cholesterol

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J Cholesterol is an essential component of living organisms, but the mechanisms that transport cholesterol inside the cell are poorly understood. Researchers have identified RELCH, a tethering protein that is essential for non-vesicular transport of cholesterol. The findings may lead to new discovery pathways for the treatment of cholesterol-related metabolic disorders.

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50x more stable adsorbent created

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J A research team developed a technology to increase the stability of amine-containing adsorbents by fifty times, moving one step further toward commercializing stable adsorbents that last longer.

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Formidable duo: Protective effect of CD9 and CD81 in COPD and accelerated aging

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease of accelerated lung aging, but the mechanism remains unclear. Researchers studied the aging-like phenotype and its underlying mechanisms in a COPD mouse model. Double deletion of tetraspanins CD9 and CD81 in epithelial cells downregulated expression of the protein SIRT. As SIRT1 is a key molecule that protects against various lifestyle-related diseases and aging, these tetraspanins may serve as novel therapeutic targets for COPD and aging.

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Education, not income, the best predictor of a long life

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J Rising income and the subsequent improved standards of living have long been thought to be the most important factors contributing to a long and healthy life. However, new research has shown that instead, the level of education a person has is a much better predictor of life expectancy.

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Position statement: Avoid using medical marijuana to treat sleep apnea

Medical cannabis and synthetic marijuana extracts should not be used for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea, according to a position statement from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine.

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Combination therapy doubles survival in metastatic lung cancer

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J The immunotherapy drug pembrolizumab, combined with chemotherapy, doubles survival in patients with non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSNSCLC) lacking genetic changes in the EGFR or ALK genes, when compared to chemotherapy alone, according to an international, Phase III clinical trial.

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Drug reduces size of some lung cancer tumors, relapse rate after surgery

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J A drug given to early stage lung cancer patients before they undergo surgery showed major tumor responses in the removed tumor and an increase in anti-tumor T-cells that remained after the tumor was removed, which resulted in fewer relapse cases in the patients.

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More prehospital deaths may mean increased intensity in violence

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J A new analysis of national trauma data shows that trauma patients were four times more likely to die from gunshot wounds and nearly nine times more likely to die from stab wounds before getting to a trauma center in 2014, compared with rates in 2007.

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Raw fruit and vegetables provide better mental health outcomes

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J Researchers have discovered raw fruit and vegetables may be better for your mental health than cooked, canned and processed fruit and vegetables.

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Chemical sleuthing leads to detection of little-known flame retardant in the environment

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J Chemists have published research findings on their discovery of a new and relatively unknown flame retardant in the environment. Their study is the first to detect the potentially toxic chemical in North America.

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Maternal metabolic factors and early-onset puberty

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J In a study of more than 15,000 girls and their mothers maternal overweight and hyperglycemia were linked to the earlier onset of puberty in girls 6 to 11 years old. Early puberty has been linked to multiple adverse health developments as girls grow up.

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A foodborne illness outbreak could cost a restaurant millions, study suggests

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J A single foodborne outbreak could cost a restaurant millions of dollars in lost revenue, fines, lawsuits, legal fees, insurance premium increases, inspection costs and staff retraining, a new study suggests.

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Should states support pregnant teens and their babies?

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J The majority of US adults with children agree that state support for pregnant teens is a good investment but want to see teens meet certain criteria -- including taking parenting classes -- before receiving assistance.

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Structure of a protein complex related with cell survival revealed

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J Scientists have determined for the first time the high-resolution structure of a complex (R2TP) involved in key processes for cell survival and in diseases such as cancer. This achievement has been made possible by using high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy.

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Fast-acting benefits of ketamine for depression and suicidality

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J A nasal spray formulation of ketamine shows promise in the rapid treatment of symptoms of major depression and suicidal thoughts, according to a new study. The double-blind study compared the standard treatment plus an intranasal formulation of esketamine, part of the ketamine molecule, to standard treatment plus a placebo for rapid treatment of symptoms of major depression, including suicidality, among individuals at imminent suicide risk.

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A new hope: One of North America's rarest bees has its known range greatly expanded

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J The Macropis cuckoo bee is one of the rarest bees in North America, partly because of its specialized ecological associations. It is a nest parasite of oil-collecting bees of the genus Macropis which, in turn, are dependent on oil-producing flowers of the genus Lysimachia. However, new data greatly expands the known range of the cuckoo, and has implications for its conservation status.

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Depression study pinpoints genes that may trigger the condition

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J Nearly 80 genes that could be linked to depression have been discovered by scientists.

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Boosting T cell 'memory' may result in longer-lasting and effective responses for patients

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J Just like people, some T cells have excellent memories. These subtypes known as memory T cells may explain why some immunotherapies are more effective than others and potentially lead to researchers designing more effective studies using combination checkpoint blockade treatments, according to experts.

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Plants play greater role than megaherbivore extinctions in changes to ecosystem structure

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J Plants may have exerted greater influence on our terrestrial ecosystems than the megaherbivores that used to roam our landscapes, according to new research.

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Spikes of graphene can kill bacteria on implants

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J A tiny layer of graphene flakes becomes a deadly weapon and kills bacteria, stopping infections during procedures such as implant surgery.

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Position statement: Avoid using medical marijuana to treat sleep apnea

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J Medical cannabis and synthetic marijuana extracts should not be used for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea, according to a position statement from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine.

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New way to fight HIV transmission

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J Scientists have developed a new tool to protect women from HIV infection.

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Artificial antimicrobial peptides could help overcome drug-resistant bacteria

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J Researchers have now developed a streamlined approach to developing artificial antimicrobial peptides. Their strategy, which relies on a computer algorithm that mimics the natural process of evolution, has yielded one potential drug candidate that successfully killed bacteria in mice.

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Surviving climate change, then and now

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J An archeological dig in Italy reveals that prehistoric humans made it through a major natural disaster by cooperating with each other -- and that's a lesson for our future.

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Predicting which trees are at greatest risk of beetle invasion

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J This study shows that the composition of forests is more important than other factors when predicting where the destructive pest will strike next.

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Drowsy driving in the ridesharing industry is a public safety risk

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J Researchers conclude that fatigue and sleepiness are inherent safety risks in the ride-sharing industry.

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